
Having earnings of £100,000 is a significant milestone. You might be very proud of crossing this threshold, as it likely represents a big step in your career.
However, you might not be aware that moving from below the £100,000 line to above it can cost you. That’s because a change to your tax situation can see you pay an effective tax rate of 60%. At the same time, your access to certain childcare benefits is usually reduced.
So, if your earnings are set to or now exceed £100,000, it’s important to be aware of these drawbacks and what you can do about them.
Here’s why.
The 60% tax trap on earnings between £100,000 and £125,140
First, let’s look at the extra tax you might pay when earning more than £100,000 - known as the ‘60% tax trap’.
In the UK, you pay Income Tax on the portion of your earnings that fall into each tax band. The table below shows you the Income Tax rates in the 2025/26 tax year:
So, if you earned £60,000 a year, you’d usually pay:
- 0% tax on your income below the tax-free Personal Allowance;
- 20% tax on £37,700; and
- 40% tax on £9,730.
As you can see, the top headline rate of Income Tax charged is 45%. But there’s an extra rule for high earners that can actually lead you to pay 60% tax in practice.
When you earn more than £100,000, your Personal Allowance is reduced, falling by £1 for every £2 you earn above £100,000. Additional rate taxpayers with earnings over £125,140 have no tax-free Personal Allowance.
The key here is that the earnings that were once below the Personal Allowance are now subject to Income Tax. This is what creates that 60% tax trap.
Here’s an example:
- You earn £100,000 and receive a £10,000 pay rise, taking your annual earnings to £110,000.
- That £10,000 is in the higher rate band, and so is subject to 40% Income Tax - a £4,000 bill.
- However, you also lose £1 of your Personal Allowance for every £2 you earn over £100,000. So, you lose £5,000 of your tax-free entitlement.
- This £5,000 is then also subject to 40% Income Tax - a £2,000 bill.
- In total, you’ve paid £6,000 in Income Tax on that £10,000 pay rise - an effective tax rate of 60%.
As a result, for every £100 you earn above £100,000, you’ll generally lose £60 of it in Income Tax. That’s before other deductions for National Insurance (NI) or student loans, too.
You can see why increasing your earnings above that level might not be as valuable as it seems.
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Losing access to free childcare hours
Alongside facing the 60% tax trap, you could also be punished if you earn more than £100,000 as a parent. That’s because you might also lose access to free childcare hours.
This is a benefit for working parents who:
- meet minimum earnings criteria;
- are on sick, annual, or parental leave, or
- receive certain benefits.
If this applies to you (or your partner if you have one), you can claim 30 hours of free childcare a week (1,140 hours across 38 weeks of term time). This is for children aged between nine months and four years in England; there are different rules in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
However, you lose your eligibility for this benefit once you (or your partner) earn more than £100,000. Only one partner needs to earn over the threshold for this to happen.
This is a cliff-edge threshold, too, in that you lose it as soon as you earn £1 over the limit. So, going from £100,000 to £101,000 would see it come into effect, almost overnight.
The cost of childcare varies greatly across England and the UK. But as a guide, the average cost of childcare in the UK is:
- £138 a week for part-time care (25 hours). That’s £5,244 for 38 term-time weeks.
- £263 a week for full-time care (50 hours). That’s £9,994 for 38 term-time weeks.
These are high costs to incur, and could offset that earnings increase. In fact, if you went from earning £100,000 to £110,000 as in the example above and your child was in full-time care, almost your entire pay rise would go towards paying the cost of childcare.
That’s before you take the 60% tax trap into account, and the fact that you already lose Child Benefit when you (or your partner) earn £80,000 or more, too.
Making pension contributions can reduce your adjusted net income
All in all, earning over £100,000 is never going to be unwelcome. Even so, it’s important to be aware of these various rules that make the pay rise a bit less attractive in real terms.
But while it may all sound a bit doom and gloom, this just underlines the value of planning ahead and finding ways to make the most of your money.
And this is where pensions can be useful.
The key measure of your earnings that matters here is your adjusted net income - that is, your total taxable income minus allowances and any tax relief.
Pension contributions aren’t included in your adjusted net income. So, by contributing more of your salary to your pension, you could move back below the £100,000 threshold. This could restore your eligibility for free childcare hours, as well as your Personal Allowance, removing you from the 60% tax trap.
You could benefit from tax relief on your contribution - this is where the government tops up your contribution depending on what tax band you’re in.
Typically, your pension provider will claim the 20% basic rate tax relief automatically. Then, as a higher or additional rate taxpayer, you could claim a further 20% or 25% respectively on your earnings via Self-Assessment or an adjustment to your tax code.
If your pension contributions are paid gross (that is, before tax is applied) then you don’t receive tax relief in this way. Instead, the full amount goes straight into your pension with no tax charged.
What to think about before you increase your contributions
Contributing to your pension can certainly be effective for managing your tax liability and eligibility for certain benefits.
But before you contribute, it’s worth being aware of a few key points:
- Pensions are for the long term - you typically can’t access your pension before 55 (rising to 57 in 2028), so you’ll need to be comfortable with not being able to access the money until then.
- Tax-efficient contributions are limited - you can usually tax-efficiently contribute up to the annual allowance (£60,000 in 2025/26), and you may be able to contribute more if you have unused allowances from the three previous tax years using the carry forward rule. Meanwhile, you can usually only claim tax relief on up to 100% of your earnings (2025/26).
- Your earnings could fluctuate - the adjusted net income calculation can be complicated, and your total income may shift. So, if you do increase your contributions, it’s important not to treat this as a ‘one-and-done’ event, and instead monitor your situation over time.
- Get help from a professional if you’re unsure - speak to an accountant or an Independent Financial Adviser (IFA) if you want the reassurance that you’re making the right choices for you and your family.
Please note that tax rules change regularly, and the actual tax benefits you receive will depend on your individual circumstances. If you’re not sure, please seek professional advice.
Risk warning
As always with investments, your capital is at risk. The value of your investment can go down as well as up, and you may get back less than you invest. This information should not be regarded as financial advice.
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